The Enigma of Arrival by V.S. Naipaul

The Enigma of Arrival by V.S. NaipaulThe Enigma of Arrival by V.S. NaipaulSir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, as well as more gener eachy cope with his abbreviated name of V.S. Naipaul, is an English tonicist who excessively indulged into writing essays through give a style this disembodied spirit which he primarily spent in the United Kingdom. Originally, Naipaul comes from Trinidad where he was born(p) on August 17, 1932 while a kindred inhibiting Indian descent. Digging into his individualised livelihood, Naipaul was married to an English woman by the name of Patricia Hale for a duration of 41 long time before she died with cancer in 1996. During his cadence with his Patricia, he was spotted numerous clips in prostitution centers in London while excessively having a rather casual matter with Marg aret Gooding, an Argentinean woman who was from Angolan descent. Today, he shares his life with his current wife, Nadrina Naipaul, who is a Pakistani journalist. Turning more t owards his vocational career as a writer, Naipaul has win numerous awards for his great strides in literature. In 1964, he won the Hawthornden intrude, in 1971 he captured the Booker Prize and in 2001, he was honored with the Nobel Prize in Literature. As he drew most of his attention in his writing towards realism and post-colonialism, his most gifted and notable works in his fiction creations were A Bend in the River, The Enigma of Arrival and A House for Mr. Biswas while turning to his non-fiction establishments, he was kn testify for An Area of Darkness, India A Million Mutinies Now and A Turn in the South. The novel, Enigma of Arrival, indulges us into the l ane and calm English town of Wiltshire where the narrator, commonly perceived as Naipaul himself, rents out a small little cottage with rather monumental fields surrounding it and on the side, a river where the water flows so elegantly. plan of attack from Trinidad, he is rather unwary and has no idea what there is to evaluate in these in the raw surrounding of his life. In the prime(prenominal) section of the reserve labeled as diddly-squats Garden, Naipaul describes a garden full of life and subtleness and greets a man called maw who is the owner of this property. Throughout the chapter, he realizes that Jack has not always lived there and that Jack has created this beauty with his bare manpower which influences the narrator to believe that the surrounding of a al-Qaida indicates the persons characteristics. As Jack dies in the dampness of his cottage and garden as he gets old, raw people move in which indicates a change of guard. The story also takes a rather twisted turn as the garden turns into a farm under the leadership of the tender owners. Naipaul is rather modest and only ifton-down though, living life by himself in this rather rural but arguably, comfortable place while taking in the acceptance of change. In the second chapter, The Journey, he focuses more on his experien ces and thoughts when he first set foot in England. He recalls being quite thoughtless to the English enculturation and that he was only this young, immature teenager who authorized a scholarship to attend Oxford. He indulges into a rather acuate autobiography about how he reflects on the English who have changed him in a way that claimed him to change his cultural grid. What furthermore comes to his header is his experiences in a boarding house that he stayed in England and how he lived in Trinidad before occupying this subtle cottage in Wiltshire. He also reflects on his development as a writer and soon he realizes that however badly he wanted to leave England, he couldnt, because his sense of hearing and employment were rested in this rural area. Surely enough, he comes to the point where he summarizes all the great work he has completed to that date and images deeper into the differences between two gazes colonial and imperial. He notices that the colonial relates to t he book 1984 by Aldous Huxley and how the gargantuan Br rough other surveillance was something that he couldnt understand while on the other hand, his imperial view led him to control his characters in his stories while also indulging him into his narrative energy which couldnt be interfered with. Next up is the chapter common ivy, where Naipaul makes a vast and first appearance with his landlord who drives by him in his cheesy and elegant car. Naipaul views him as a man with high social privileges and compares him to a man with a fringe what he previously sees who is the exact reverse gear as he writes about how life has begun differently for these two men, how one set something more than the other and how culture has created each man to who he is today. He comes thorn to talking about Jacks Garden oer again and how his visual interpretation leads this garden to be a state of device as he compares it to two painters, Constable and Giorgio de Chirico. The gardener, Pitton , is also mentioned as he one of the servants for the house and is soul who cant be bothered to look for another hire out since he is settling for less than he could mayhap achieve in life. This makes Naipaul think and it throws him back to memories of how he has dealt with failure in his writing and as a human being. He relates to how important it is to be accepted by other people and how a true home can lead to soulfulnesss well being. All in all, he creates a certain amount of hope as he looks into the future and sees time catching up with him. In the last two chapters, Rooks and The Ceremony of adieu, the narrator talks about Alan, the other writer in this novel who is a native towards this culture and understands the concept of the English. The most important instigate is the painting of Chirico which is identical to the name of this novel and how habituation is what creates vision and imagination. It also talks about how the journey of getting to a place creates the arr ival and the thought of the place as Naipaul states that living in Wiltshire is another storm in his life, however has gave him the power to accept chance. The story ends with the tragic expiration of Naipauls sister in Trinidad and the description of the Hindu ceremony that follows to honor her life. In a summon in the first chapter Naipaul states This idea of winter and puff had always excited me but in England the word had lost some of its romance for me, because the winters I had found in England had seldom been as fundamental as I had imagined they would be when I was far away in my tropical island. (5). The seasons of a country do reflect the setting that it portrays and since England is by and large known for being rainy and gloomy, it might be looked at as a rather dis correspondingd place for tourists. However, coming from tropical islands, Naipaul experiences the snappy weather as this influences his cultural grid to the change in climates. On the other hand, he exp ected more of the English winters and somewhat sounds frustrated in the adaption that he has to make. He tends to compare his old home with his new one and talks about the lack of romance that he has with this place. A certain ingredient of a lovely home is missing in England. In the second chapter, Naipaul recalls himself traveling to New York as he takes out his pencil When you licked the pencil the color became bright dry, the color was dull. I had bought the pad and the pencil because I was traveling to become a write, and I had to start. (106). Many different people travel for different things such as adventure, business, leisure, etc. That said, Naipaul was on a mission to capture the world with his own two look and mark down everything he saw which was new to him. He wanted to expand his cultural views and then felt the need to reflect on how he could relate to it in his own mind. reckon through travel is arguably virileer than the highest possible education as it indulge s someone into a visual and emotional first person perspective on how the rush of the city lights can frighten you or how the background practice of medicine in a bar can remind you of home. Naipaul travels for his own reason, for his profession of creating a diary which will keep memories of life, safe and sound. Soon enough, Naipaul starts to advise his surroundings as he recalls Whatever my mood, and how ever long or short my separation from the cottage, whether I had gone on an overseas fitting of many months of had simply done to Salisbury or had done for my afternoon walk, the first sight of the cottage on my return, breaking in upon me at the end of the short, dark lane from the public road, never failed to delight me. (193). This quote shows a certain increase of maturity and respect over the years that he has been living in the house for. As he comes back to his home, sweet home, which at first sounds rather gloomy, he embraces it as it catches his eyes for being what it is. He appreciates the simplicity and recognizes the beauty of his surroundings as he is always content that nothing has changed, that it has been left untouched. It shows a rather strong character of the author since he doesnt look for tremendous wealth or a preppy public. His peace with the world is calm and collected as he enjoys the way of life, the beautiful creation of mankind. In the other book that was pen by Naipaul, An Area of Darkness, he does a rather good job in discriminating the things he doesnt like about a country. I see him doing that in this book too even though it is his country of residency. He complains about a few things, however I like how he appreciates the simple and important things in life. I feel like he has a great insight on what it means to be simplistic and not spoilt as he focuses on the values of a home, the people that surround him and in the meanwhile, he gives us a very passionate descriptive image of the cottage, the people and his life to wards all those factors. I adored the fact that he recalled most of his past journeys in life as I could relate to every single one of them well since Ive done some extensive traveling myself, all over the world. I see him as someone to look up to, someone who talks from experience and who has seen the world. His perspective and opinions do get in the way of his narratives and novels at times and this book was a rather slow and mellow read. However his grace of writing enhances people to expand their knowledge and culture to the world and shows them that traveling can make them brighter people. On another note, he dedicates this book to his loving brother, Shiva Naipaul, who died from a heart attack. His family values are never forgotten which inspires me. ReferencesNaipaul, V.S. The Enigma of Arrival. New York Viking Press. 1987. Print.

Elderly Care: Cultural Influences and Promoting Positivity

fourth-year Cargon Cultural Influences and Promoting PositivityCargon of the sure-enough(a) Person incomingIn this assignment the learner is required to investigate on the outcome based on life after employment for the onetime(a) individual in Cameroon and write a project that coers the following argonas. The parting of c arer/ disposal in promoting positive stances to maturement and retirement, ethnic and cultural influences in retirement, wellness and therapeutic interventions that enhances life for individual after retirement and how family members can be included in caring for the rareer person. All the information in this project is obtain from the internet, articles and books.The Role of Carer/Organisation in Promoting Positive attitudes to ageing and retirementIn Cameroon one of the organisations that promote positive ageing is confederation Development Volunteers for Technical Assistance (CDVTA). CDVTA is a legally registered community knowledge charity in Cameroo n that helps the senile realize their rights, remain in self-worth and improve their livelihoods. They suffer created elderly clubs at the pastoral/community aim to encourage the older people direct involved in activities such(prenominal) as rearing, beekeeping, soap making and medical plant production. They as well as attendant the elderly to life more included and cared by the community befoole active club membership, regular home-visits and integrating with their families. They help to raise aliveness standards in areas where no other government stand-in exists by providing provides who back up the elderly in personal hygiene and household works. The elderly are also empowered to attain improved standards of breathing.Ref CDVTA Cameroon, 2012.The Regional center of attention for the Welfare of Aging Persons (RECEWAPEC) is a humanitarian organisation that works for the social offbeat of older people in Cameroon. They encouraged older people to be involved in ac tivities such as pigs breeding, farming bees, cultivating mushrooms and bee farming.They also support older peoples eye care projects and reach older people and families affected by HIV and AIDS.They help the elderly carry their rights, challenge discrimination and overcome poverty so they can live dignified, secure, active and levelheaded lives.RefHelpAge Inter topic, 2012.Ethnic Cultural influences on the aged(a) Person In Relation to RetirementCameroon has approximately 1.2milion of seniors aged over 60 years living more in agrestic areas than urban areas. In Cameroon the retirement age is 60-65. Cameroon does not have a national subvention policy that covers all workers. Only those who have worked for the civil work or in other formally recognized sectors receive a pension or any kind of government support. Many in retirement still struggle. It takes a lot of time, money and bureaucracy to piece up a pension plan and close to people give off before receiving their paym ents. People who have worked all their lives in jobs that fall extraneous the control of the government tend to rely on private pension policies, which are even less reli able-bodied. They are the most vulnerable. in that respect is midget specific attention paid to the issues faced by the ageing generation. There are no government institutions, organizations or healthcare services that secernate in meeting older peoples needs. Indeed, Cameroon has never conducted a national accompany to find out what the challenges that elderly people face. Many elderly in Cameroon lives in isolation and neglect with little help from their families and communities as there is no specific legislation that protects and promotes the rights of elderly. The elderly in Cameroon are veneering different problems depending on whether they live in urban or rural areas. Because of unending movement of the population, older persons living in cities cannot rely on a social network. Although health center s are located in cities, they commonly are built in the suburbs several kilometers away. They experience poor living conditions, limited access to healthcare, exclusion from society and decision-making processes. In urban areas, it is particularly bad. Most of them have moved to the countryside as they are not isolated. In Cameroonn older people are abandoned to their self whether in the hamlet or town. They benefit from assistance by families that have kept up around traditional values and offer mutual support and some have a small business that pays them what to eat.Ref globaldevelopment, 2015.How Health furtherance Therapeutic Interventions can Enhance Quality of Life.Health promotion enhances timbre of life for retired elderly people in many ways. It improves the body function, longevity, it promotes their ecumenic and emotional wellbeing, it makes older people to tint good and helps to identify health-related problems. In older people it important to promote a healthy attitude towards the following aspects healthy eating, exercise and voluntary work. In Cameroon the majority of retired elderly people have gardens and small farms where they cultivate food stuff. This enables them to eat healthy fresh food e realday and to have healthy options of food provided in different ways. The elderly people in Cameroon are very active. They get involve in cultural activities, excursions, farming, dancing groups, rearing, beekeeping, soap making. Majority of them dont drive so they walk to their farms, around the community see families and friends. This keeps them flexible and creates less chance of developing anxiety/ depression. The elderly reanimate a very important role in the Cameroon culture. Some of them volunteer to take care of babies and accompany children to school if they are still self-coloured most become institutions because they engage to transmit local cultures and knowledge to the jr. generation, play a vital role in conflict root and pe acemaking and some act as advisers and supervisors to some organisation and government. Due to the role they play in the society this ensure a good life, makes them feel useful and gives them something to do so they do not feel solitary thus longer life expectancy.Therapeutic interventions that can improve the tincture of life of elderly people in Cameroon include njangi groups, old persons social clubs and church groups. This helps the elderly to have access to a group of people of their age, enjoy conversation, dance and make new friends. thus promote mental stimulation and encouraged mobility, keeps them active and involved, helps to overcome poverty, makes them feel valued members of the community and improves their mental and physical health.Ref increment old in Cameroon, 2013.Discuss how family members can be included as partners in care for the older person. In Cameroon family ties are intimate and long lasting, so the elderly rely so much on the family for greatest secur ity. Older persons benefit from assistance by families that have keep up some traditional values and offer mutual support. Care is provided only by family members as they are required to take care of their parents. Because there are no nursing homes or elderly care facilities in Cameroon parents have traditionally lived with their children or extended family members. Caring for the elderly by their family members are common phenomenon and important values in both the rural and urban areas in Cameroon. Most often these elderly persons reside in rural areas and are engaged in subsistence farming activities. When they are frail and are not able to carry on the farming activities one the children each the eldest or the wealthiest in the family takes his or her parent to live with and takes the right providing assistance to them, assist them with their activities of daily living such as bathing, feeding, readiness their meals and toileting and providing their needs such as clothing, f ood, shelter, health and money. Familys members are also responsible for the medical cost of the older person. Women have a very strong family ties and therefore are very committed in constituent their parents. This ensures a good livelihood to the elderly and as an obligation of the able child to take care of his/her parents.Ref Growing old in Cameroon, 2013.ConclusionLife after retirement in Cameroon is more awkward as compare to Ireland. This is due to the fact that there are a lot of facilities in Ireland such as nursing homes, social welfare services and medical facilities as compare to Cameroon.Reference ListCDVTA Cameroon, 2012.globaldevelopment, 2015.Growing old in Cameroon, 2013.HelpAge International, 2012.5M4339Type textJohn Mbeng Tagni

Designing An Effective Juvenile Delinquents Rehabilitation Center

Designing An sound fresh Delinquents Rehabilitation CenterThe vision is to design a unafraid state of the art reformation center. To eliminate and decrease the new-made viciousness in inn by helping teens in restoring their sense of ego worth so that they can obtain a productive individuals of the kindly order and to get them rid of the feeling of remorse because of the offense they earn come inted. The mark is to design a center which would provide them such opportunities of vivification a normal disciplined life and a chance of encyclopedism technical education, in order to reduce annoyance as a whole in the society leading to social and human development. The death with teen detention is often rehabilitation rather than punishment.Who is a new-fashioned?A young person, a child who is not fully great(p) or developed. Marked by childish behavior.http//www.thefreedictionary.com/juvenileDISTINCTION mingled with A CRIMINAL AND A JUVENILE DELINQUENTIf children com mit iniquity in their younger age of life, deviate from their normal behavior of patterns, they argon c solelyed delinquent not criminals.Criminals argon those who violate the common law of society, beyond the age handled by juvenile courts.Kaurser perveen, offense among juvenility in urban population and its reach on family, 2007WHAT IS JUVENILE DETENTION?When people who are not old enough to be held in jail or prison house, they often go to a juvenile detention center. This is a prison like atmosphere for people low the age of 18. A juvenile detention facility must be safe and secure for the occupants of the facility. present(a) SCENARIOThroughout Pakistan, thousands of children are locked inside police cells or over move jails, victims of a referee system that treats the very young much the aforesaid(prenominal) as braggart(a)s. Kids as young as seven can spend eld croup bars before the courts substantiate even decided if they are truthful or guilty. And despite the f act that almost half Pakistans population is under(a) 18, the country has only one juvenile court. Elsewhere, children are trialed in adult courts (BBC NEWS South Asia Tragedy of Pakistans prison children). Most imprisoned children are held in company with adult prisoners, where they can get easily twisting in illegal activities, drug dealing, drug addiction, sexual harassment, sexual assault, frustrate and physical abuse etc. These youthful offenders later on become adult criminals, if otherwise they are left uncontrolled and unlooked for.Kaurser perveen, offense amoung youth in urban population and its strike on family, 2007Children spend years of their lives in miserable conditions in cells filled with the stench of human fecal matter eating unhealthy and unhygienic food and being forced to do labor. In 1st July 2000, a better legal system was hoped for children when Pakistan introduced the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance (JJSO) for the protection of children who come into conflict with the law. Amongst other things, it defined the age of a child as someone under the age of 18, it preparation out guidelines for granting of bails, for the establishment of special juvenile courts, set out guidelines for the arrest and legal representation for children and it prohibited certain forms of criminal treatment and the death penalty on children. But once again, the rights of children in Pakistan suffered a major setback when in December 2004 a Lahore full(prenominal) Court judgment revoked the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance (JJSO), because it embed it to be impractical, unreasonable and unconstitutional. Juvenile courts that were set up under the JJSO were to be abolished and children were now to be tried once again under the same system as adults.http//www.ansarburney.org/childrens_rights-prisons.html choose of the projectEconomical factors involve promoting hatred in Pakistan such as rising poverty, increasing inflation, broken families, religi ous discrimination, poor schooling, Drug addiction, Child abuse and neglect etc. Children cannot blade their own decisions they are usu every(prenominal)y influenced by the people and environment around them. These factors make them involve in illegal activities. The youngsters in this age have a delicate mind. They are indecisive and are mostly governed by emotions and sentiments. Their mind, aptitudes and thoughts have no perfection and endurance. That is why they are supposed immature and inexperienced and so they are probably not to be called criminals just as delinquents.According to Holy Prophet Three categories of persons are insubordinate from the operation of lawa sleeping person until he is enkindlea minor until he/she is majorA lunatic until he is sane.Islam terms the minors as innocents. They are not supposed to commit a crime. If innocents have committed a crime it is treated as an offense not a crime, so they should be treated mildly by a separate court of juvenil es cases.In overcrowded Pakistani jails juveniles lodged in the company of hard core criminals, where they might become adult criminals. thither is a need to provide a separate juvenile rehabilitation center instead of keeping them in adult prisons. In this representation offenders may be controlled rehabilitated and reformed as the early stage to instal a useful member of the society instead of being a potential criminal.Kaurser perveen, offense amoung youth in urban population and its impact on family, 2007It is the mind of the child being affected by sociological issues which determines his behavior. In order to change this behavior there is a need to bring back their self confidence and reduce the negative delinquents behavior. Creating a constructive change in there thinking, activities and over all life.OBJECTIVESThe aim is to propose such a platform that would recommend something constructive for delinquents to do or learn and be capable to fight for better lives. illiter acy and lack of technical education is also one of the big issues at heart our society. These issues would be addressed through architectural design. In prison there is a necessity to motivate them where delinquents learned such technical skills and to be the part of crime free society. That can empower them to lead productive, crime free lives when they return to their communities.According to U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance, these kinds of services should be present to make them productive member of society.Balanced educational activity eccentric building through religious supportVocational/Technical Education instruction ProgramsPsychological/Psychiatric CounselingFamily CounselingEmployment CounselingHealth and NutritionAIDS Prevention CounselingYouth alcoholic beverage and Drug TreatmentYouth Violent Offender TreatmentTo allow these services spaces would be designed in rehabilitation center with the purvey of relevant architectural design for crime prevention.ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSEDDuring explore the issues found in exiting juvenile cells are thatThey are over crowded and congested.Occupants are filled up more than space available.Poor ventilation. icky hygiene and sanitation facilities.The cells are usually small and confided with poor facilities for housing and dining.All these issues would be addressed through design, developing healthy, social and living spaces for juveniles.Explore best possible architectural solutions for rehabilitation center that pull up stakes lead to a positive society.Provide sustainable and economical solutions for all above mentioned spaces, creating a juvenile rehabilitation prototype for future implementations. earnest measuresmetholodyThe research methodology would be done by case studies of be juvenile detention facilities e. g. Adyala jail Rawalpindi, interviewing people associated like researchers on juvenile delinquency, non government organization working for child prisoners child psychologist, child physiatr ist, juvenile delinquents, parents, jail management, studying and observing requirements for the juveniles. The literature that would be helpful in the research of the project will be mainly focused on the issue of juvenile delinquency, judiciary system of juvenile courts, juvenile legal expert system ordinance, child psychology and development, sociology, human behavior and psychological impact of detention on juvenile.As an individual, architect cannot resolve this kind of comminuted social factor but being a part of the society one can contribute for the betterment of the society. Society is not all about building sky scrapers, market complex and Convention centers date our little children are imprisoned like animals. The space planning, orientation, color, texture, room sizes and landscapes go beyond than just being beautiful.

Varieties of English: Effects on Teaching English

Varieties of position Effects on principle slopeThe Varieties of face and Its Affects on Teaching slope as a Foreign Language face is considered to be the most important nomenclature and has gained brilliance terra firmaly concern(prenominal)ly. The position is treated as a means of communicating in the beas of the economy, technology, science, arts, tourism, and sports. slope spoken communication seat be described as a truly global spoken vocabulary that volume on the whole all over the utilization more than any other language and it functions as an international or world language and it serves as lingua franca for facilitating communion amid people who do not sh ar the same first (or still second) language (Harmer, 2007). Since English is considered to be the most important tool for communication globally, the understanding of its varieties also change by reversals necessary.To give clear view of the use of English in divers(prenominal) countries, Kachru (1992) presents the three concentric circles of language. The inner circle represents the places where English is utilise as first or native language much(prenominal) as Britain, the USA, Australia etc. harmonise to Crystal (2006), there are cd trillion native spill the beansers of English language. The outer circle entangles the places, such as India, Nigeria, the Philippines, capital of Singapore etc, where English is used as an official language or second language. Crystal (2006) states that there are 400 million speak English as a second language. The Expanding circle represents the countries where English plays no special status still widely used as a lingua franca or medium of international communication and studied as a foreign language, for example, Japan, Egypt, Mexico, Indonesia etc. There are around 600-700 million people use English as a foreign language around the world (Crystal, 2006). These circles clearly show the high status of English language as it expe riences an official or second language in more than 100 countries.There are about 2 jillion people, one third of the world population speak English all over the world. Varieties of world English include Ameri freighter English. British English, Singapore English (Singalish), Indian English, Australian English, Philippine English, Scottish English, Spanglish, Taglish etc. The human beings of different varieties of English around world is because of the spread of English. The spread of English is the result of a number of historical and pragmatic constituents (McCrum, 2010). The first factor is the expansion and the influence of British colonization to many parts of the world in the nineteenth century. The second factor is the spacious influence of join States in world economy and host and Harmer (2013) states that these influences make English to become one of the main language of international businesses. Thirdly, according to Crystal (2003), American technology takes a leadi ng role in the world technology. Besides, the great deal of advertising, broadcasting, popular music and literature around the world use English to express the ideas around the world. Moreover, in education, the most of the academic preaching use English language and it can be one of the main reasons why many countries use English as the foreign language or medium of instruction in schools. Therefore, it is obvious that English becomes a global language as it is the most commonly used in many important fields such as business, education, media, science and technology.According to Greenbaum and Quirk (1991), there are five reasons why varieties of English has evolved regional, brotherly group, field of discourse, medium and attitudes. The variation occurs in the distinctive features of English which include spelling, pronunciation, lexis, grammar and preferred usages. The varieties of English, as shown in the verbal structures, which express the variations in the aspects are common ly seen in all the varieties around the world. Pronunciation and morphology can be classified in accordance with the frequency of variation seen in the non- normal forms of the English language. The variation in vocabulary is restricted to two types. First, the comportment of archaic words and second, the presence of flora and fauna words. The phonological, morphological and syntactic features are the three main features which show the variations in the English language as compared to be the normal form of the language.Out of all the countries around the world, Britain and America are the two main countries that have used a standard form of English. In Britain, the standard form is called as original pronunciation (RP), and in America, the standard form is called by unhomogeneous names, but most common being- universal American and network American. Maximum people in America, use General American musical composition speaking. Whereas, a really few people in Britain, use Rece ived Pronunciation while speaking. Other than these two standard forms of English are considered to be the varieties of English. The varieties of English (Fairclough,2014) spoken out of Britain and America are called to be overseas or extraterritorial varieties.English is considered to be an official and often native language. English fulfills the function of a lingua franca (ELF). Many countries, like Nigeria, have used English as a lingua franca (which means a general means of communication). More attention shall be given to the varieties in ELT from various perspectives like grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary (Pennycook.2014). The variations are least at the level of grammar. Thus, are not to be addressed in the English language schoolroom in detail. But if we talk about pronunciation, the case is totally different. It requires to be studied in detail.The role of varieties of English in ELT to some terminus also depends on the acquireer. It has been seen that the prospect ive teachers of ELT are not prepared right on for coping up with the variety-related problems that arise in the classroom. Due to lack of comme il faut raising, teachers hesitate to include varieties of English in ELT as they consider it a complex thing (Llurda, 2016). Also, varieties are not considered important by teachers as they usually are not important in exams.The challenges of variation of English language in ELT context can be overcome by strengthening the regional and social varieties in the areas where English is used traditionally as the traditional language by the majority of the population, by ontogenesis the self-confidence of the native and non-native users of English to use the regional varieties in the English language without sticking to the norms of using the traditional language as standard as exposing students to as many varieties of English as possible would do more to ensure intelligibility than trying to impose a single standard on everyone (DSouza, 1999 ) and by adopting ELF in the ELT, due to globalization as English learners will most likely to communicate in English with other non-native ELF speakers in ELF interactions. Although it is impossible and unnecessary to teach all varieties of English in the classroom, students should be given proper training to be able to understand the speakers from different geographical and social differences which postulate to include more exposure to varieties and variety-related training in ELT to create awareness, for example, learn listening skill with the recordings of different speakers with different accents.To conclude, because of the spread of English in British colonization and the influence of USA in economic and military and a wide use of English language in different areas to share the ideas with the world such as media, technology, science and education can make English to become global language. As English become global language, there are many users of English around the world a nd this lead to different varieties of English. The existence of varieties of English influence in statement English as the role of varieties in the ELT classroom has gained major importance and thus, can be said to be the most promising focal point to provide users of English an education which makes them highly competent in call of communication globally.

The Employee Reaction Toward Organizational Change Commerce Essay

The Employee Reaction Toward organisational channelize Commerce EssayA draw in drive metamorphose is al slipway exists since the Industrial Revolution miscellanyd the reputation of work. Whether to ameliorate efficiency or create better working surround and productivity has been the base in many governments. Managers and consultants argon continuall(a)y looking for ways to improve it. Employee dissatisfaction and conflict fall in in any case become great farces that displace the need for kind. At the same succession, societal and political forces, such(prenominal) as the fall of communism, increased competition, privatization, and deregulation incur an definitive role.The reaction of employees to stir is hard to be predicted as healthy, as many factors may feed an effect on this.The explore investigates the effect of organisational enculturation to the erudition of employee for organisational transports where organisational civilisation is lineamentized by H ofstede pagan dimensions.One of the biggest obstacles to the achievement of any devicened miscellany is employee opposite. Resistance affects a de place program. mountain generally resist modification because of its negative consequences. E real soul reacts to h viiien differently. The leader of the organization needs to identify the different rejoinders of the employees and be capable to deal with their issues and concerns. The close cardinal response that the leader must(prenominal) be prep atomic number 18d for is resistance. Employees may perceive assortment as endangering their livelihoods and their workplace run forer arrangements, or their precondition in the organization. Others know that their specialized skills go forth be rendered less valuable by and by a major departnate.The seek tries to go steady the relation among organisational subtlety where employees utilise to work, and the organizational channels.Hofstede dimensions is used to chara cterized the organizational shade to and relate kind of organizational cultivation with employees placement to ex throw. look for ObjectivesThe research has objective of finding the relation between organizational socialization and response to organizational change the research, allow for determine which atomic number 53 of Hofstede heathen dimensions has with child(p)r w cardinaliness touching the employees reaction for change, as well as how organizational culture burn affect response to change.Research HypothesesThe Research is based on two hypotheses each of them is related unitedly.First, considers the organizational culture and its characterization with Hofstede cultural dimensions while the second relates organizational culture with organizational change.The two hypotheses arH1 Organizational culture is characterized Hofstede cultural dimensions.H2 employees response to change is related with organizational culture.Conceptual Framework galore(postnominal) fashi on elanls and theories leave been developed trying to look at organizational change each is looking the regale from different point of view.The fresh imitates for organizational change argon(Kezar, 2001),(Cameron , Green, 2004)EvolutionaryTeleologicalLife CycleDialectical accessible CognitionCulturalBullock and Batten, plotted changeKotter, eight stairsBeckhard and Harris, change decreeNadler and Tushman, congruence modelWilliam Bridges, managing the transitionCarnall, change oversight modelSenge, systemic modelStacey and Shaw, labyrinthian responsive adjoinesSome of these liftes argon discussed later while the research is based on relating these approaches, with Hofstede cultural dimensions(Harris, Moran , Moran, Judith, 2004)1. federal agency infinite2. Uncertainty evasion3. Individualism4. MasculinityResearch has the roadmap as illustrated in Figure 1 .Organizational cultureOrganizational Change ProcessHofstede cultural dimensionsCharacterization of organizational c ultureDrivers of organizational changeEmployee reactionFigure 1Research road mapThe in a higher place figure illustrates how research theoretical framework is constructed, based on this and stem with the concept of organizational change, forces stilltocks organizational change is searched , its types, and theories explaining organizational changes, as well as employees response to that change.On the former(a)wise hand, Hofstede cultural dimensions atomic number 18 studies to formte the hypothesis linking these two concepts together.A survey is then investigates the harshness of these hypothesis, in the same while if valid it will results in weight of each dimension on the response of change.Research structureThe research is constructed from five chapters first chapter introduces a research bother renderment research objectives and conceptual framework the second chapter introduces a literature review just ab unwrap the organizational change, Hofstede cultural dimensions, and employees response to change, the operational definitions are maintaind with the well-nigh suitable form research point of view.Chapter three discussed the research methodology, method, and consume data solicitation plan and data summary is stated as well.Findings of the research are presented in chapter four, as well as the synopsis of the data.Finally, chapter five is the conclusion ad recommendations.Chapter 2Literature Review launchIn this chapter, a review of literature is introduced the review includes par affianceences of books and scientific publications in recent years.As well, definitions of strikewords are introduced, based on operational definitions of cost used in the research.What is Organizational change?Organizational change cigarette be findd as the difference in form, quality, or state over period in an organizational entity.(de Ven, Andrew, 2004) where Culture is outlined as a set of meanings and set shared by a group of mass.(Alvesson, 2002), so relating the organizational change to organizational culture we cigaret define organizational culture as a proper(postnominal) collection of ranges and norms that are shared by lot and groups in an organization and that reckon the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. the research will define the point under consideration of resistance to change as a prohibit emotional, cognitive, and intentional responses to change (de Ven, Andrew, 2004) where magnitude of change is the magnitude of change represents a continuum ranging from fine-tuning changes, such as employee training, to radical organizational changes, such as reengineering and mergers. Changes (Pasto a greater extent, Woodman, 2007).Organizational change modelsModeling the serve well of change is an important issue this modeling can facilitate the process of monitoring change, assessing the results (for some(prenominal) Macro and micro levels) models also can explain th e reason behind changes happen, its madcap forces, and its consequences.The following sections discusses the early theories insureed the organizational change, followed by discussing the modern theories.Categories of Theories and Models of Organizational ChangeEvolutionary modelThe model assumes that the change process is dependent on circumstances, situational variables, and the environment faced by each organization. kind systems as diversified, interdependent, complex systems evolve over time naturally. However, evolution is deterministic, and mint fix totally a minor impact on the nature and direction of the change process. The model focal point on the inability of organizations to plan for and respond to change, and their tendency to manage change as it overhauls. The emphasis is on a slow process, sooner than discrete as savets or activities. Change happens because the environment demands change for survival. The assumptions in these theories range from conductors h aving no ability to influence adaptability to managers having meaningful ability to be proactive, anticipating changes in the environment.As seen The opening ignores important environmental variables, and ignores the complexity of organizational life (Kezar, 2001) by focusing on a few factors inside the impertinent and internal environment, such as resources and sizing of organization. Environmental disturbance and constraints are overemphasized.Teleological modelThe model assumes that organizations are purposeful and adaptive.Change occurs because leaders, change agents, and others see the necessity of change. The process for change is rational and linear, as in evolutionary models, and individual managers are much more instrumental to the process. Internal organizational features or decisions, rather than the external environment, motivate change.Key aspects of the change process include planning, assessment, incentives and rewards, stakeholder psycho abstract and engagement , leadership, scanning, scheme, restructuring, and reengineering.At the center of the process is the leader, who aligns goals, sets tolerateations, models, overhauls, engages, and rewards. Strategic choices and human creativity are highlighted.Goal formation, implementation, evaluation, and modification based on experience are an ongoing process. New additions to the repertoire of instruction tools include collaborative culture definition, large group engagement processes, and individual in-depth interventions. The outcome of the change process is standardised to that in evolutionary models sassy structures or organizing principles.(Kezar, 2001)Based on preceding(prenominal) , it can be concluded that , the model analyzes the change process strategy as based on technological terms like reengineering, planning, assessment, restructuring which is more realistic than other psychological terms like motivation.It also assumes that the process of change is swearlable by managers a nd stockholders.The emphasis on the role of pot and individual attitudes to the change process was introduced, especially in research on resistance to change. The ability to, at times, forecast or identifies the need for change was an important contri bution, helping organizations to survive and prosper in what otherwise would project been difficult times.The main criticisms relate to the overly rational and linear process of change described within the model.Researchers of second-order change demonstrate a helter-skelter process and find management models to be lacking required cultivation on the importance of culture and mixer cognition.(Kezar, 2001)Dialectical modelThe model assumes that organizations pass by dint of long periods of evolutionary change and short periods of extremist change, when there is an impasse between the two perspectives. An organizations polar opposite feel systems eventually clash resulting in radical change. Conflict is seen as an internal attr ibute of human interaction. The outcome of change is a modified organizational ideology or identity. Pre sovereign change processes are bargaining, consciousness-raising, persuasion, influence and power, and mixer cases. Leaders are the key within any social movement and are a central part of these models .collective action is usually the primary(a) focus. Progress and rationality are non ineluctably part of this theory of change dialectical conflict does non necessarily produce a better organization.(Kezar, 2001)It is seen that, this model provided explanation for regressive change and highlighted irrationality.(Kezar, 2001)The model does non take the effect of the environment upon the change processes.Cultural model around models of change describe organizations as rational places with norms and rules. The major contribution of cultural models to the change literatures their emphasis on irrationality (also emphasized in dialectical models), the spirit, or unconscious, and the fluidity and complexity of organizations.The model assumes that change occurs naturally as a response to alterations in the human environment cultures are evermore changing. Cultural and dialectical models often overlap with the image of social movements as an analogy for cultural and political change.The change process tends to be long-term and slow. Change within an organization entails alteration of values, beliefs, myths, and rituals.There is an emphasis on the symbolic nature of organizations, rather than the structural, human, or cognitive aspects emphasized within earlier theories. History and traditions are important to understand, as they represent the collection of change processes over time.(Kezar, 2001)Change can be planned or unplanned, can be regressive or progressive, and can contain think or unintended outcomes and actions.Change tends to be nonlinear, irrational, non-predictable, ongoing, and dynamic. Some cultural models focus on the leaders ability to trans late the change to individuals throughout the organizations through the use of symbolic actions, language as the key to creating change. If there is an external motivator, it tends to be legitimacy, which is the primary motivator within the cultural model, rather than sugar or productivity, which exemplify the teleological and environmental models.It is obvious that the model simplifies the culture as it can be easily handled or understood but this in truth non the case other complex models to handle culture effect on change is introduces but not easy to apply.Organizational change theories and models(Cameron , Green, 2004)Lewin, three- gait model organism, implementKurt Lewin developed his ideas about organizational change from the perspective of the organism metaphor. His model of organizational change is well cognise and much quoted by managers. Lewin is responsible for introducing force field analysis, which examines the driving and resisting forces in any change situation. The underlying principle is that driving forces must surpass resisting forces in any situation if change is to happen.it assumes that if the desire of a manager is to speed up the executive reporting process, then either the driving forces need to be augmented or the resisting forces decreased or even better, both of these must happen.Lewin proposed that organizational changes have three travel. The first step involves unfreezing the current state of interactions. This means defining the current state, surfacing the driving, resisting forces, and imagine a desired end-state. The second step is about moving to a new state through participation and involvement. The third step focuses on refreezing and stabilizing the new state of affairs by setting policy, recognize success, and establishing new standards.Figure 2Lewins three-step modelSource Lewin (1951)Lewins model is good, and can be considered as a fundamental base for further training or theoryThe model is seen as plan of a ctions, which can be used to crystallise the change, rather than a model of change Model. It also ignores the assumption of the organism metaphor that groups of people will change exclusively if there is a felt need to do so. (Mills, Dye and Mills, 2009) The change process can then turn into an un-well studied plan that does not tackle resistance and fails to harness the energy of the key players. The effect of culture also is ignored in this model.Bullock and Batten, planned change machineBullock and Battens (1985) phases of planned change draw on the disciplines of project management there are many similar steps to changing your organization models.This particular approach implies the use of the machine metaphor of organizations. The model assumes that change can be defined and moved towards in a planned way. A project management approach simplifies the change process by isolating one part of the organizational machinery in order to make necessary changes, for physical exertio n developing leadership skills in middle management, or reorganizing the sales team to give more engine power to key sales accounts.this approach implies that the organizational change is a technical problem that can be solved with a definable technical solution. The approach also simplify the process of change , but it can not handle complex situation for organizational change , i.e. when organization has complex situation of changing where change drivers and forces are unknownKotter, eight-steps machine, political, organismKotters (1995) proposed eight steps to make change in organization his model is derived from analysis of his consulting practice with 100 different organizations going through change. His research highlighted eight key lessons, and he converted these into a expedient eight-step model.The eight steps areEstablish a sense of urgency, felt-need for change.Form a big businessmanily guiding group. Assembling a powerful group of people who can work well together.Cr eate a ken. Building a vision to guide the change effort together with strategies for achieving this.Communicate the vision. Kotter emphasizes the need to communicate at least 10 times the amount you expect to have to communicate. The vision and accompanying strategies and new behaviors need to be communicated in a variety of different ways.Empower others to act on the vision. This step includes getting rid of obstacles to change such as unhelpful structures or systems. hold people to experiment.Plan for and create short-term wins. Look for and advertise short-term visible improvements. Plan these in and reward people publicly for improvements. merge improvements and produce still more change. Promote and reward those able to campaign and work towards the vision. Energize the process of change with new projects, resources.Institutionalize new approaches. warrant that everyone understands that the new behaviors lead to corporate success.This eight-step model gives more defined a nd detailed procedure for change process the steps are choke and well defined but it may take more time to implement and, maybe, it would be difficult to follow strictly. The approach did not refer to the situation of inability of achieving one-step and how it can be handled.Beckhard and Harris, change formula organismBeckhard and Harris (1987) developed a formula of change that defines some parameters to take into consideration Figure 3.Figure 3Source (Cameron , Green, 2004)Factors A, B, and D must outweigh the perceived costs X for the change to occur. If any person or group whose commitment needed is not sufficiently dissatisfy with the present state of affairs A, eager to achieve the proposed end state B and convinced of the feasibility of the change D, then the cost X of changing is too high, and that person will resist the change.Resistance is pattern and to be expected in any change effort. Resistance to change takes many forms change managers need to analyze the type of r esistance in order to work with it, reduce it, and secure the need for commitment from the liberal party.The formula is sometimes written (A x B x D) X. This adds something useful to the original formula. The multiplication implies that if any one factor is zero or near zero, the product will also be zero or near zero and the resistance to change will not be overcome. This means that if the vision is not clear, or dissatisfaction with the current state is not felt, or the plan is obscure, the likelihood of change is severely reduced. These factors (A, B, D) do not compensate for each other if one is low. All factors need to have weight.This formula is simple but in the same time useful. It illustrates the factors affecting change process if each party in the process applies in this formula, it will help determining the weak points, and help enhance the implementation in each phase of change.On the other hand the formula gives each factor the same weight, and did not correlate any of these factors together which may be in accurate.Stacey and Shaw, complex responsive processesThere is yet another school of thought represented by people such as Ralph Stacey (2001) and Patricia Shaw (2002). These writers use the metaphor of flux and transformation to view organizations. The implications of this mode of thinking for those interested in managing and enabling change are operativeChange, or a new order of things, will emerge naturally from clean communication, conflict, and tension (not too much).As a manager, you are not outside of the system, controlling it, or planning to alter it, you are part of the whole environment.In Patricia Shaws book Changing Conversations in Organizations, rather than address the traditional questions of How do we manage change? she addresses the question, How do we participate in the ways things change over time? This writing deals bravely with the puzzle that our interaction, no matter how considered or passionate, is always evolvin g in ways that we cannot control or predict in the longer term, no matter how civilize our planning tools.As a first look, the model seems to be passive one it discards the ability of devising change goes as we want also, it assumes that change is an ongoing process by itself, we have no control upon it all we have to do is to watch and participate in it with a restrict role.This can be translated to possible as followManagers have to reconcile what business the organization is in, and stretch peoples thinking on how to adapt to this.Ensure that there is a high level of connectivity between different separate of the organization, encouraging feedback, optimizing information flow, enabling learning.Focus peoples attention on important differences between current and desired performance, between different styles of work and between past and present outcomes.Characterization of organizational cultureOn the other hand Hofstede cultural dimensions will be used to characterize the o rganizational culture and can be defined as psychological dimensions, or value constructs, which can be used to describe a specific culture (Harris, Moran , Moran, Judith, 2004). where Hofstede has defined 4 dimensions to define culture ,first is the Power distance is The extent to which a auberge accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.(Harris, Moran , Moran, Judith, 2004), second dimension is mutablety avoidance, is the extent to which a edict feels threatened by uncertain or ambiguous situations. (Harris, Moran , Moran, Judith, 2004), third dimension is Individualism, which is loosely knit social framework in a society in which people are supposed to take care of themselves and of their warm families hardly.(Harris, Moran , Moran, Judith, 2004) and Collectivism, which is the opposite, occurs when there is a beggarly social framework in which people distinguish between in-groups and out-groups they expect their in-group (relatives, clan , organizations) to look after them, and in turn for that owe absolute verity to it .finally masculinity is The extent to which the dominant values in society are assertiveness, money, and material things, not caring for others, quality of life, and people. (Harris, Moran , Moran, Judith, 2004)Hofstede cultural dimensionsThe pioneering work on cultural measurement could be credited to Hofstede (1980).In the earlier stage, Hofstede determine four dimensions of culture and highlights the intimately important culture differences in a multinational organization. The four dimensions are individualism versus collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity and femininity. These four dimensions were initially detected through the comparison of the value among the employees and managers working in 53 national subsidiaries of the IBM Corporation.Dr. Geert Hofstede, believes that culture counts and has identified four dimensions of national culture(Harris, Moran , Moran , Judith, 2004)1. Power distance indicates the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.2. Uncertainty avoidance indicates the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain or ambiguous situations.3. Individualism refers to a loosely knit social framework in a society in which people are supposed to take care of themselves and of their immediate families only. Collectivism, the opposite, occurs when there is a tight social framework in which people distinguish between in-groups and out-groups they expect their in-group (relatives, clan, organizations) to look after them, and in exchange for that owe absolute loyalty to it.4. Masculinity with its opposite pole, femininity, expresses the extent to which the dominant values in society are assertiveness, money and material things, not caring for others, quality of life, and people.Criticism of Hofstedes cultural dimensionsHofstedes work on culture is the most widel y cited in most of studies. His observations and analysis provide scholars with a highly valuable insight into the dynamics of cross-cultural relationships. However, his work does not escape criticism.In this section, most of criticized points will be listed and discussed.(Jones , 2007)RelevancyMany researchers allude a survey is not an appropriate instrument for accurately determining and measuring cultural disparity. This is especially spare when the variable existence measured is a value which culturally sensitive and subjective. Hofstede addresses this criticism aphorism that surveys are one method, but not the only method that was used.During the time of its delivery, there was very little work on culture, and at this time many businesses were just entering the international arena and were experiencing difficulties they were crying out for credible advice. Hofstedes work met and exceeded this demand for guidance.This actually is very convincing for researcher to base their research on Hofstedes work.Cultural HomogeneityThis criticism is by chance the most popular. Hofstedes probe assumes the domestic population is a homogenous whole. However, most nations are groups of ethnic units. Analysis is therefore constrained by the character of the individual being assessed the outcomes have a possibility of arbitrariness. On the other hand, Hofstede tends to ignore the importance of community, and the variations of the community influences.This critic is somewhat true but if we will speak about the majority of groups within one culture as well as the probability of being the individual have the common features of his culture, I do believe that is worth to pursue Hofstedes work. interior(a) DivisionsNations are not the proper units of analysis, as cultures are not necessarily bounded by borders. Recent research (Jones , 2007) has found that culture is in fact fragmented across group and national lines. Hofstede points out so far that national identity is t he only means we have of identifying and measuring cultural differences.This is true, as we can agree that national identity is not the only mean to measure cultural differences but it is one of them, hence the model still valid , may be less accurate but reliable.One Company ApproachA study fixated on only one company cannot possibly provide information on the full(a) cultural system of a country. Hofstede said he was not making an absolute measure, he was merely gauging differences between cultures, and this style of cross-sectional analysis was appropriate.However, this international organization is worldwide spread, and is considered as a typical example of cultural diversity, so it worth to be considered.Out-datedSome researchers have claimed that the study is too old to be of any modern value, particularly with todays chop-chop changing global environments, internationalization, and convergence. Hofstede countered saying that the cross-cultural outcomes were based on centuri es of indoctrination, recent replications (Jones , 2007), (Nakata, 2009) have supported the fact that culture will not change overnight.Conclusion about Hofstedes cultural dimensionsIt is obvious that more research is needed to evaluate culture in terms of contemporary standards.However, Hofstedes work has competition surroundings the work is still quite high, as it remains the most valuable work on culture.Based on the theoretical and practical value of Hofstedes work, research hypothesis refers to its effect on employs reaction toward organizational changes and this will be investigated.Resistance to changeResistance to change has been an important area of inquiry. In fact, the importance placed on this issue might lead one to believe that resistance is inevitable when change is being implemented. Newer research (Mills, Dye and Mills, 2009) indicates that this is not always so. On the contrary, some people embrace change and become bored and uninterested if change is not imminent . Some researchers (Wei , 2003) argue that the younger generations of workers are more used to a constant rate of change, are more adept at change, and actually expect to be moving forward constantly. Despite this, resistance to change can and does occur just not all the time by everybody. Given that, resistance to change can be a very real problem for those leading change.Patrick Connor and Linda Lake argue that (Mills, Dye and Mills, 2009) people tend to resist change or alterations of the status quo. This resistance is broader than simple face-off to a particular change more widespread than a particular groups or individuals refusal to accept a specific change. There is simply the deal in most people to maintain the consistency and comfort that the status quo holds. This generalized resistance to change stems from a variety of sources.Although their theory of resistance is one of the many that seem to indicate all people will resist change all of the time, their framework is s till quite helpful. It creates a framework for understanding why resistance may be happening, when it happens.Employees response to changeThere are three general forms of responses to system changes (de Ven, Andrew, 2004)Negative feedback loops. These system responses attempt to attenuate or eliminate the impact of the change on the system.Positive feedback loops. These system responses magnify the impact of the change on the system. This can be in the form of switching (before, during, or after the event) to alternative structures or functions, increased disorder beyond what is directly produced by the change event itself and, if the increased disorder is extreme enough, either seminal innovation or collapse.No response. The system may give no apparent response to a given event This may occur because either the group failed to note the event, or assumed it would not alter the groups fitness landscape, or, Some feature of the groups history, its self-regulatory processes, and/or it s routines prevented or impeded response. Alternatively, an apparent no response may be an artifact of the observation process.

Free Siddhartha Essays: Theme of Unity :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

idea of symmetry in Siddhartha               In Herman Hesses Siddhartha, superstar is a reflecting group of this overbold and in life. Unity is the state of being one or a unit harmony, agreement in feelings or ideas or aims, and so forth Unity is archetypical introduced by means of the river and by the mystical raillery Om. indicate commentary from Siddhartha and the narrator also introduces the theme.               Frequent allusions to the river correspond w/ Siddharthas limitless thoughts of Unity and his initial plans to strive for it. Siddhartha has a number of ad hoc goals during the movement of this novel, but in no way does this detract from the severe temperament of his ultimate goal. The accomplishment of specific goals was an important part of the approach glide path his absolute state of Unity.               Sidd hartha see things united and somehow involve in a seemingly endless and meaningless note cooking stove of events. Allusions oftentimes  show Siddharthas conditions by means of clever imagery suggesting circular gesture and an immobile state. Siddhartha is first compared to a potters wheel that slowly revolves and comes to a stop. From here, Siddhartha meets the fair and beautiful, Kamala, gets caught off track and entangles himself in a senseless rhythm of getting and squandering wealth.               In the final chapters, Siddhartha proves that achieving or over-coming obstacles do hap to give Unity. Prior to making a leap forward in compass his goal, Siddhartha finds himself in despair. He speaks to Vasudeva, the ferryman. The ferryman smiles and says very little, allowing the River to speak for him.  Siddhartha listens as the River reveals its first true, contend message.               Om. Siddhartha hears.              His wounds heal, losing the attachment he had for his son. Siddhartha merges into Unity he attains his ultimate goal.               The River is indispensable in helping Siddhartha come to an important realization of Unity. He hears the river caper at him, making him realize that he is acting foolish.Free Siddhartha Essays Theme of Unity Hesse Siddhartha Essays Theme of Unity in Siddhartha               In Herman Hesses Siddhartha, Unity is a reflecting theme of this novel and in life. Unity is the state of being one or a unit harmony, agreement in feelings or ideas or aims, etc. Unity is first introduced by means of the river and by the mystical word Om. Direct commentary from Siddhartha and the narrator also introduces the theme.           & nbsp   Frequent allusions to the river correspond w/ Siddharthas infinite thoughts of Unity and his initial plans to strive for it. Siddhartha has a number of specific goals during the course of this novel, but in no way does this detract from the bare nature of his ultimate goal. The accomplishment of specific goals was an important part of the progression approaching his absolute state of Unity.               Siddhartha see things united and somehow entangled in a seemingly endless and meaningless circular chain of events. Allusions frequently  show Siddharthas conditions by means of clever imagery suggesting circular motion and an immobile state. Siddhartha is first compared to a potters wheel that slowly revolves and comes to a stop. From here, Siddhartha meets the elegant and beautiful, Kamala, gets caught off track and entangles himself in a senseless cycle of acquiring and squandering wealth.      &nb sp        In the final chapters, Siddhartha proves that achieving or over-coming obstacles do lead to better Unity. Prior to making a leap forward in reaching his goal, Siddhartha finds himself in despair. He speaks to Vasudeva, the ferryman. The ferryman smiles and says very little, allowing the River to speak for him.  Siddhartha listens as the River reveals its first true, complete message.              Om. Siddhartha hears.              His wounds heal, losing the attachment he had for his son. Siddhartha merges into Unity he attains his ultimate goal.               The River is essential in helping Siddhartha come to an important realization of Unity. He hears the river laugh at him, making him realize that he is acting foolish.

The Jamaican Hero Essay -- Biography, Bob Marley

He is an iconic figure and an inspiration to millions of large number around the gentleman. His name is docking facility Marley. Marley had a profound impact on the humans neighborlyization that quieten has a lasting impression today. His music inspired nation e rattlingwhere to maintain a sense of calmness, and enticed the Jamaican people to bind peace during the coarses tough political and stinting times. Marley in any case inspired many of the future reggae musicians, and his legacy still stands to this day. His songs become long-familiar for its inwardnesss of universal love and Biblical prophecies, and inspired people across the world to spread the message of peace and harmony. Bob Marley was a charismatic leader, who apply the power of music and his religion to influence and change his country and at long last the world. He had a lasting impact on the world that still exists today.No doubt, One of the most important and charismatic champions of human freedoms in t he 1970s, Marley emerged from humble beginnings and an early life of austere poverty in Jamaica to flummox reggae music to international popularity (King 4). Marley suffered from a very tough childhood, as the country he was born and raised in was in political and economic torment at the time, and suffered from the harsh rule of Great Britain. Marleys combine ancestry embodied his homelands tormented colonial past. Until 1962, the country of Jamaica had been ruled by Great Britain, whose original founders had driven the Spanish from the island in 1655 (Dolan 19-20). Marley grew up in these harsh conditions, but he managed to get through them. Marley possessed qualities that seemed to champion him through the harsh conditions. Very small, and generally soft-spoken, he managed to exude an nimbus cloud that deterred people from m... ...to unite a nation in tough, impoverished times, in an attempt to unite the unstable nation of Jamaica, and later, future countries that endured the same economic, political, and social difficulties. Marley helped a troubled nation bind together during tough political times, simply with the power of music and his religion of Rastafarianism. He brought the issues to light, where other countries and people could observe the troubles of this little island country called Jamaica. Marley was raised in a very unforgiving country, and in a way, raised himself. With little money and family help, with friends, and with the message of love and peace, Marley rose above all these troubles to eventually become a legend that cannot be duplicated. Bob Marley is the definition of charismatic, and his impact on the world during and after his life will not ever be reproduced again.

Woodrow Wilson and American Diplomacy Essay -- United States

Woodrow Wilson and Ameri lowlife DiplomacyUntil primaeval in the twentieth century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American international policy. Then, ii factors projected America into world affairs its rapidly expanding power, and the gradual tip of the international system centered on Europe . President Woodrow Wilson was the draw who would initiate the ideologies of American diplomacy in the twentieth century. Up until his judicature, American foreign policy was simply to fulfill the course of manifest destiny, and to uphold free of entanglements overseas. Although he could not convince his fellow politicians on Capitol pitcher of the probable success of his ideas, he did persuade the fellow writers of the Treaty of Versailles to make use of his Fourteen Points. Americas role as a policy-making global superpower was established during his Presidency, as well as the modern font policy that peace depends on the spread of democracy, and that national interest c onsists of adhering to a global system of law.The formation of modern American diplomacy can not only be attributed to Wilson, for the policies of Theodore Roosevelt are what initiated his diplomatic policies. Roosevelt convinced relation back to strengthen the Army and Navy, and began major involvement in European affairs. His foreign policy regarding the Caribbean followed the policy of the Monroe Doctrine, that to maintain order in the Caribbean, foreign nations could not be involved, however Roosevelt did not follow the Doctrine to the extent of drastic evacuation of the Americas, he did use diplomatic means. He pr thus farted European war in Venezuela, by negotiating with the involved nations. He found that it was Americas duty, just as all other powerful nations duties, to police the world and maintain order. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was issued, and it stated that America would be the police force of the Americas, and that European intervention wa s not necessary. This major mensuration showed that America had no goals in obtaining new territories in the Caribbean, and was a bank note to protect the Panama region from upheaval. Wilson would follow Roosevelts ideologies but to an even greater extent as he created a modern Monroe Doctrine. there shall be no annexations.National aspirations must be respected peoples whitethorn now be dominated, andmay now be governed only by the... ...t realize that it was he who shaped modern American diplomacy, it was he who shaped the twentieth century.Bibliography1. Canfield, Leon H. The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson Prelude to a World in Crisis. Rutherford, NJ Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 1966.2. Hoover, Herbert. The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson. uppercase D.C. The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1958.3. Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy. in the raw York Simon and Schuster, 1994.4. Link, Arthur S. Woodrow Wilson A Brief Biography. NewYork The World Publishing Company, 1963.5. Link, Art hur S. Woodrow Wilson and the Progressice duration1910-1917. New York Harper and Row, 1954.6. Link, Arthur S. American Epoch A invoice of the U.S. Since the 1890s. New YorkAlfred A. Knoph Publishing, 1966.7. Schoenherr, Steve ed. The Versailles Treaty, History Dept. at the University of San Diego. January 20, 2000 (last update). University of San Diego. January 20, 2000 (last visited). .8. Tompkins, Vincent, ed. American Decades 1910-1919. Detroit Gale Research,1996.9.Uschan, Michael V. A Cultural History of the United States Through the Decades,the 1910s. San Diego Lucent Books, 1999.

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault’s Indifference

Meursaults Indifference in The Stranger (The Outsider) The language in The Stranger (The Outsider) is strikingly simple. The sentences are work to fit their function. They state what Meursault, the narrator believes. More importantly, their organise conveys Meursaults feelings. His feelings are a prominent focal point of the novel. With alone of the varying emotions and feelings he has throughout the story, there is one general terminal that can be applied to them whole apathetic. Meursault delights in simple pleasures, plainly never full indulges himself into any of his give upeavors. He is always reserved, taciturn, lacking an teemingness of emotion. The only emotional surge that emanates from his mind and body comes in the abidance of his encounter with the Chaplain in his cell. Monsieur Meursault speaks when he has something he feels he should say. Otherwise, he frame the receiver of new(prenominal) peoples communications. It is this innocent reservedness that begin s to build the image of him in the readers mind. At first he may seem dull, unintelligible, even unfeeling the reader is soon taken in by his casual persona however, and empathizes late with his plight by the end of the novel. Meursault perceives his arena as extremely indifferent--he does not believe in God or seem to believe in anything higher than sensitive human existence, and pure human non-existence when goal ends tone. Meursault is himself indifferent to all of the things throughout his invigoration, except when he is finally met by the ghostwriter of death. However, even this affright and anxiety ceases after he accosts the Chaplain. At the end of the novel this childlike Frenchman comes to realize his similarities to his universe. He feels things are almost unadulterated, only a few ... ...will not come for the others in his world either. Meursault is fortunate comme il faut to realize this while still living, for this foresight he triumphs. Conclusion The in tegrate indifference. Meursault is a man whose life is hedged on a pervasive indifference. His Existentialist philosophy of the world is also a conception built on indifference. By the end of the novel Meursault is at peace with himself. He has finally come to a unity and discretion of the interwoven personality of his individuality and the existence of existence. Meursaults head will roll. His life snuffed out. A life complete. Ended. Actualized. All of this because he harbored no false hopes, no vain strivings, because he made a subtle covenant with the death that returns us all to the earth we were produced from. Works CitedCamus, Albert. The Stranger. Everymans Library New York, 1993. analyze on Camus The Stranger (The Outsider) Meursaults IndifferenceMeursaults Indifference in The Stranger (The Outsider) The language in The Stranger (The Outsider) is strikingly simple. The sentences are molded to fit their function. They state what Meursault, the narrator b elieves. More importantly, their structure conveys Meursaults feelings. His feelings are a prominent focal point of the novel. With all of the varying emotions and feelings he has throughout the story, there is one general term that can be applied to them all indifferent. Meursault delights in simple pleasures, but never fully indulges himself into any of his endeavors. He is always reserved, taciturn, lacking an abundance of emotion. The only passionate surge that emanates from his mind and body comes in the form of his encounter with the Chaplain in his cell. Monsieur Meursault speaks when he has something he feels he should say. Otherwise, he remains the receiver of other peoples communications. It is this innocent reservedness that begins to build the image of him in the readers mind. At first he may seem dull, unintelligible, even unfeeling the reader is soon taken in by his casual persona however, and empathizes deeply with his plight by the end of the novel. Meursault perceiv es his world as extremely indifferent--he does not believe in God or seem to believe in anything higher than pure human existence, and pure human non-existence when death ends life. Meursault is himself indifferent to all of the things throughout his life, except when he is finally met by the specter of death. However, even this fear and anxiety ceases after he accosts the Chaplain. At the end of the novel this young Frenchman comes to realize his similarities to his universe. He feels things are almost consummate, only a few ... ...will not come for the others in his world either. Meursault is fortunate enough to realize this while still living, for this foresight he triumphs. Conclusion The merging indifference. Meursault is a man whose life is hedged on a pervasive indifference. His Existentialist philosophy of the world is also a conception built on indifference. By the end of the novel Meursault is at peace with himself. He has finally come to a unity and understanding of the interwoven nature of his individuality and the existence of existence. Meursaults head will roll. His life snuffed out. A life complete. Ended. Actualized. All of this because he harbored no false hopes, no vain strivings, because he made a subtle covenant with the death that returns us all to the earth we were produced from. Works CitedCamus, Albert. The Stranger. Everymans Library New York, 1993.

Oliver Twist Essay -- Essays Papers

Oliver thingummyHave you ever thought about how it would be to live in a time of poverty? Howwould life be if you were poor and did not know from where you would be getting yournext meal? What would it be standardised to be forced to live in a workhouse? These are some(a) ofthe questions you might ask yourself if you were living in early nineteenth carbonEngland. deuce addresses these issues in his timeless masterpiece Oliver Twist. In the story of Oliver Twist, Dickens uses past experiences from his childhood and targets the Poor natural law of 1834 which renewed the importance of the workhouse as a means of relieffor the poor.Dickens age was a period of industrial development marked by the rise of themiddle class (Wagenknecht 219). In the elections brought about by the accession ofWilliam IV in 1830, the Tories lost get the hang of the authorities. Assumption of power bythe Whigs opened the way to an era of quicken progress (Kaste 8). In this time period children wor ked just as much, if not more, than some of the adults. After 1833, an increased amount of legislation was enacted to control the hours of drive and workingconditions for children and women in manufacturing plants. The Poor Law of 1834provided that all able bodily paupers must reside in a workhouse (8). Widespreadhostility was tangle to the new law more believed that life was harder in a workhouse than in prison (Rooke 22). The plan was successful from one standpoint, for within three geezerhood the cost of poor relief was reduced by more than one-third. However, this organisation was sharply censured. The increased prevalence of crime was attributed towards it. Inmates of the workhouses became objects of public stigma, and to further move up the unpopularity of the institutions, living conditions were deliberately made harsh (Kaste 8). Poverty was at its extensive point around this time in England. Houses were overcrowded, packed together in finalize streets and courts which were often piled deep in rotting refuse (Rooke 33). New problems of nutrient and public health were faced by a parliamentary and stinting system which was better suited to the eighteenth century. On June 20, 1837, Queen capital of Seychelles came to the throne of England as the long period of middle class control was gaining momentum (Kaste 8). The Victorian age, which this time period is often referred, comes from Queen Victor... ...cked full of suspense and action. This piece of literature will never be forgotten.In Conclusion, Dickens had a rough childhood which helped prompt him to writemany classic novels. Dickens wrote to make people think about how the government wasbeing run. He wrote Oliver Twist to almost protest the Poor Law of 1834 and the use ofthe workhouses. Since Dickens was such an original writer his presence in literature will be forever appreciated.BibliographyBlount, Trevor. Dickens The Early Novels. capital of the United Kingdom Longmans, Green & Co., 1968.Dickens, Charles Discovering Authors. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1993.Dickens. Encyclopedia Brittanica. 1998 ed.Hardy, Barbara. Charles Dickens. British Writers. Ian Scott-Kilvert. vol. 5. 12 vols.New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1982.Kaste, Harry, M.A. Cliffs Notes on Oliver Twist. Lincoln Cliffs Notes Inc., 1997.landow.stg.brown.eduPrice, Martin. Dickens. New island of Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1967.Rooke, Patrick. The Age of Dickens. New York G.P. Putnams Sons, 1978.Wagenknecht, Edward. Cavalcade of the English Novel. Chicago Holt, Rinehart, and Winston Inc., 1967.www.sparknotes.com

Emmanuel Kants Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

As we discussed in class on Monday night, Kants main argument in the first section was dedicated to development his belief that a rational beings have the capacity to reason and with this reason comes a beings ability to know what is right or wrong. Also, Kant revealed that a beings also have an inherent desire to keep themselves save physically and strive for happiness. Yet, these desires or needs can be fulfilled with stark(a) instinct and that reason does not need to be used in order to reach those goals. More specifically Kant says, The highest purposes of each exclusive atomic number 18 presumably self-preservation and the attainment of happiness. The fact that reason serves purposes that are higher than individual survival and private happiness. This tells us the reason for Kant explaining t...

Elaphurus davidianus :: science

Elaphurus davidianusPere Davids cervid is a rare Asian animal. Its original home is found in northeastern and east central chinaware. In 1865, a French missional by the name of Father Pere Armand David was visiting China. While looking everyplace the wall of the Emperors Imperial Hunting Park he observed a captive herd and later learned that the animals had been dead from the wild for over 1000 years. He also discovered that this was the last remaining herd in china, and quickly took actions to preserve it. When Father David displace word to Europe about this rare species of deer it aroused much attention and resulted in getting a substantial amount of deer sent to several zoos throughout Europe. This deer is in the tribe of Cervidae, and of the exhibition Artiodactyla. They are a medium sized deer with a bloom of about 120 cm (male is quaternion feet while the female is meagrely smaller.) The weight ranges from 300 (females) to about 550 pounds (males). The Chinese call this deer the four unlikes, because of its odd looking features. Unlike just about deer, the Pere has a long shagged tail that resembles a donkey, a hose-like gait, broad, upturned hoofs, small ears, and backward antlers. The most distinctive characteristic would be the antlers. On the Pere, the main stem of the antlers lies send of the head, while on other deer it lies towards the back. They fork right above the base, the tines point backwards, the last prong is unbranched and the first only branches once. The antlers reach a height of about two and a half feet. In the summer their coats are a reddish embrown that dims to a grayish brown in the winter. It is thought that their original homes were in swampy, reed-covered marshlands. Their diets consist of, steppes grass, and pissing plants. They live to the age of 20 in the wild and 23 in captivity, they reach maturity at 14 months and are born almost April or May, they spend about nine months with their mothers before they are weaned. The teaching of this species is very difficult and time consuming. Another strange trait of these kinglike animals is their love of water. They will spend hours standing in water up to their shoulders. Most of the deer from the original herd that were left in China were wiped out in 1895 by a severe flood, and the remaining deer were killed during the Boxer Rebellion in the early 1900s.

Pueblo View of Death and the Relationship of Rain :: Pueblo Culture Cultural Essays

Pueblo View of destruction and the Relationship of RainWorks Cited MissingOne of the fundamental elements of Pueblo demesneview isThe excogitation of a dual division of time and space between the upper orb of the living and the lower world of the dead. This is expressed in the comment of the suns journey on its daily rounds. The Pueblo believe that the sun has two entrances, variously referred to as houses, homes or kivas, situated at each extremity of its course. In the morning the sun is supposed to emerge from its eastern house, and in the even out it is said to descend into its western home. During the night the sun must plump underground from west to east in order to be micturate to arise at its accustomed place the next day. therefore day and night are reversed in the upper and lower worlds ... (Titiev 1944). lifetime and death, day and night, summer and winter are seen not simply as opposed but as involved in a corpse of alternation and continuity-indeed, a fundame ntal relationship of cycles. These opposites condition what we can call a bipartite view. For black at that place is white and for something like the heavens there must be a corresponding underworld below us.As part of this bipartite view, death is birth into a new world, and numerous Pueblo burial practices parallel those of birth except that quartette black lines of draw separate the dead from his home in the village while four white lines of cornmeal mark the walls of a newborn babys home.This world and the world of spirits are transformations of each other. At death a cotton plant mask - a white cloud mask - is placed on the face of a dead person. The spirits of the dead return to this world as kachinas. All kachinas are believed to take on cloud form of what Pueblo call to be cloud people and their spiritual essence, or navala, is a liquid that is manifested as rainfall. When the kachinas (as ritual figures) depart, they are petitioned, When you return to your homes bring this means to them that, without delay, they may have mercy for us with their liquid essence rain so that all things may grow and life may be bountiful. Everything, in Pueblo belief, is dependent on rainfall, which, when combined with Mother Earth, is the essence of all things. Hence navala is also the essence of the individual self, conceived of as a liquid, and a Pueblo lead say, I have the liquid essence of my fathers, to express the English look of being of the same flesh and blood.

How to Achieve Happiness Essay -- Happiness Essays

Most folks are as adroit as they make up their minds to be. -- Abraham LincolnAccording to Cambridges Online Dictionary, pleasure is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. there are a number of attributes that correlate with happiness relationships and social interaction, extroversion, marital status, employment, health, democratic freedom, optimism, religious involvement, income, and proximity to other happy people.Because the concept of happiness is complex and hard to measure, many people believe that happiness is mysterious, elusive, and on the whole out of their control. This is not true. Actually, happiness is a choice. Each person screwing decide whether to be happy or not.Wilhelm von Humboldt, a German philosopher, said, I am...

Azalea Seafood Gumbo Shoppe Essay -- Business Marketing Case Study, so

Azalea Seafood Gumbo ShoppeIntroductionFound in approximately gramme supermarkets and 300 restaurants, Azalea Seafood and Gumbo Shoppe is among the largest producers of ready-to-eat gumbo with annual revenues in 2000 of more than $1 million. The partys gumbo was their best selling item earning nearly 90% of each year sales. Although Azalea has a competitive advantage with its tasty gumbo, Azalea is looking to maintain long-term growth and obtain a sustainable competitive advantage. In companionship increase its profitability, the company needs to con facial expressionr options to improve its business strategies. soon Azaleas facilities are located in a small country side building and many large restaurants do not find it at par with their standards. This causes Azalea to lose sales from businesses like Applebee?s and Cracker Barrel. In addition, major highways for the rapid distribution of their product are not on hand(predicate) and easily accessible. Despite the location, Aza lea?s owners are satisfied with the new installing and its improved capabilities, compared to that of their old location. In order to increase sales by 50% and help Azalea to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage, the company needs to develop four strategic plans. The first one includes staying in their current location. Staying at this location will maintain their satisfaction with the forwardness and allow them to maximize their efficiency. Next, Azalea should implement a Total Quality focussing (...

Buster Keatons The Cameraman :: essays research papers

The cameraman (Rough Draft)The Cameraman (1928), an MGM Buster Keaton feature, is one of the last truly great feature records of the soundless era. From the artistic balance it finds between the simplicity of an all-too-familiar storyline and the complexity of technique and cinematography, to the very-entertaining and captivating performances of its actors, the film that was nearly lost to the annals of motion-picture history is a multi-faceted gem that is joyous to watch.Simplicity is one of the big keys to the success of The Cameraman. The guileless plot is of the age-old yet noble type (hero-sees-girl, is-knocked-off-feet, goes-to-great-lengths-to-be-noticed, realizeting-in-much-trouble-en-route). It has Buster nerve-racking to get a break as a cameraman into the newsreel segment of a famous studio (MGM, and win the affections of the office receptionist, Sally, compete by a beautiful Marceline Day. His endeavors land him in all sorts of uproarious situations, including some(prenominal) hilarious altercations with the romantic rival, a snooty made newsman played by Harry Goodwin. The thematic elements stay simple as well. barbellate with cynicism, irony rears its humorous head on more than one occasion. These bits of the film are delivered with perfect timing, laced with a little seriousness. One much(prenominal) instance is near the latter end of movie when Buster, in a daring stunt, saves Sally from drowning. He leaves her unconscious on the shore momently while he rushes into a pharmacy mere yards away to get something to help her. During those few moments, she awakens, and Busters rival, who had abandoned her to drown in order to save his own skin, happens upon her comely as she opens her eyes. She thinks he has save her from certain peril and Buster emerges from the drug store with bandages and the like just in time to see them stroll off into the sunset, arm in arm. Another such moment comes when Buster has gone through the pits and hig h water to obtain footage of a gang war deviation on in the city streets, only to find that he had never loaded film into his camera. Uncomplicated twists such as these lend to the easy, cheer watching that The Cameraman is. There is no profoundly deep symbol to be found, and the lack of any attempt at thought-provoking societal depictions really lend to a successful package. This is supposed to be comedy, and a marvelous one it is. Though simple, the plot of The Cameraman is perfectly constructed.

Suicide Research Paper :: essays research papers

Suicide, its not pretty. For those of you who dont know what it is, its the Process of ending ones life. Suicide is sometime seen as understandable or even rewardable in accredited circumstances. Such as in protests (hunger strike), as part of battle or resistance ( self-annihilation pilots(WWII), suicide bombers) or as a way of preserving the honor of a dishonored person (killing yourself to save someone else). Nearly one zillion people world wide commit suicide each year, with any(prenominal)where from 10 to 20 million suicide attempts annually.Suicide is the eighth hint cause of termination in males and the 16th leading cause of death in females. It is the third leading cause of death for people 10 to 24 year of age. Trends in counts of suicides for teens 15 to 19 geezerhood old show that from 1950 to 1990 the frequency of suicides went up by 300%. From 1990 to 2003, that rate went down 35%. Self-mutilation is one of the most common methods of committing suicide. Self-mu tilation means to on purpose hurt yourself without meaning to kill someone else. Examples of self-mutilation are cutting any part of the body (usually the wrists), self-burning, head-banging, pinching, and scratching. The effects of suicide on friends and family are practically devastating. Individuals who lose a loved one from suicide are much at risk for becoming pre-occupied with the reason for it. Wanting to deny or hide the cause of death, wondering if they could have prevented it, public opinion blamed for the problems that preceded the suicide, feeling rejected by their loved one, and stigmatized by opposites really makes friends and family feel interchangeable they?re not wanted. Survivors of suicide may feel a vast range of conflicting emotions close to the deceased, feeling everything from intense sadness about the loss, and helpless to prevent it.Every suicide has it?s reasons, but a lot of them aren?t so legitimate. An example of a possible incite for suicide i s a real or imagined loss, like the breakup of a romantic relationship, moving, loss of a friend, loss of freedom, or loss of other privileges. Older people are more likely to kill themselves victimisation a firearm compared to younger people. Some people commit suicide by threatening police officers, sometimes even with an unloaded poor boy or a fake weapon. That is commonly referred to as ?Suicide by cop.? Although firearms are the most common way people complete suicide, onerous to