The Scientific Methods of Analysis Case Studies - 1014 Words

Scientific Method Scenario 1: Youre having guests over for dinner and you prepared the menu you elaborated in Unit 6 assignment. The discussion gets animated when one of your guests does not believe in vaccinations while you are in favor of them. Step 1: Ask a Question A question in a scientific investigation is the thing that begins the process. All other components of the experiment are based upon the questioned asked. In this scenario, several questions could be asked, like Why do you feel this way? or What is your evidence that vaccinations are harmful? but the first is not scientific and the second supposes a reason for the guests opinion. So, the best question to ask would be What does science say about the issue of vaccination? Step 2: Do Background Research It is important to be as informed as possible on any subject before beginning a scientific experiment. Look up information about vaccinations on the internet, both for and against them. Try to make sure that your opinion is backed up by evidence rather than by what you are told by either television and anti-vaccine celebrities or just by doctors and pharmaceutical companies. It is necessary in either position to have verifiable proof to support their position which, in this case, is much easier for one side of the debate. Step 3: Construct a Hypothesis: A hypothesis is an educated guess as to what explains something or answers a given question. It is called an educated guess, because it isShow MoreRelatedEssay about Advantages of the Use of the Scientific Method in Psychology835 Words   |  4 PagesAdvantages of the use of the scientific method in psychology There are a number of advantages to using scientific methods in psychology. Firstly an important aspect of imperial data is that it is objective, i.e. not affected by expectations of the research. So, without objectivity we have no way of being certain that data collected is valid. An example of this is seen with Gardner amp; Gardner. When they observed Washoe they might have judged that Washoe was using real words because they wantedRead MoreHow Psychology Is The Human Mind And Behavior1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthe science which helps to understand the human mind and behaviour. To understand properly, one needs to trust on scientific methods that would help in recognizing the aspects related to the behaviour and psychological processes going in the mind of an individual. Instead of just trusting on personal observations about the experiences that an individual faces, the process of scientific research is much more systematic as well as authentic while trying to assess the details about the field of psychologyRead MoreThe Scientific Method Of Experimental Testing1425 Words   |  6 PagesAnswer #1 Scientific Method The scientific method can be defined as a technique for research where the problem is known, appropriate data is gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from the data, and the hypothesis is tested firsthand. Gauch (2003) defines the scientific method as a highly variable and creative process and states that it is often misrepresented as a fixed sequence of steps although the scientific method of research has four steps. The first step is the observation, which serves asRead MorePresentation At The 2010 Cooley Law School Symposium On The Csi Effect1113 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor s presentation at the 2010 Cooley Law School Symposium on the CSI Effect. It reviews the results of two empirical studies of Michigan jurors in various jurisdictions, which previously concluded that the prosecutor version of the so-called CSI effect cannot be substantiated empirically. The article then describes merged data from the two studies and the analysis of that merged data. The data supports the earlier suggestion of a tech effect based on cultural changes, rather than any directRead MoreUnderstanding The Components Of Scientific Research1219 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding the components of scientific research assists in being able to read scientific research documents correctly, evaluate the methods that are used, and decide whether the conclusions reached are rational. Exploratory research involves many things, in particular, case studies and the psychobiography, content analysis, and archival research. Research, in itself, can seem to be an elusive form of representation. These components to proper research will be further explained. One part of theRead MoreThe Scientific Method: A Brief History and Description927 Words   |  4 Pageshaving developed the scientific method singlehandedly. In that regard, it can be noted that the scientific method has been refined and fine tuned over time by some of the greatest thinkers in history. In this text, I come up with a brief description of the method as well as its history. Further, I highlight the contributions made by a number of philosophers in the development of the scientific method. The Scientific Method: A Brief History and Description The scientific method according to CoonRead MoreThe Family Crucible by Dr. Napier Essay515 Words   |  3 PagesEvaluation of an assumption can be done with data collection and analysis. To evaluate Dr. Napier’s philosophical assumption that we marry or partner with our â€Å"worst nightmare,† I would suggest using almost any information that demonstrates patterns of behavior associated with personality psychology, and information that can be gathered systematically through observation and measurement also known as scientific method. I would confer with books written by experts in the field of experiential therapyRead MoreHair Analysis : Forensic Science966 Words   |  4 PagesTrichology is the study of hair. Interestingly, this study dates back to mid-1800s. However, hair analysis in forensic science began in 1930. During which time, a forensic scientist by the name of Edmond Locard introduced the Locard Exchange Principal. This principal hinges on the fact that a ny time there is contact between two surfaces an exchange of material will take place. (Oien, 2009) In this paper, I will prove how Forensic Hair Analysis and Forensic Hair comparison and studies if properly performedRead MoreWith Respect To The Concerning Question, There Has Been1473 Words   |  6 PagesWith respect to the concerning question, there has been much controversy. It is evident that scholars have been divided when discussing the claim that the Study of Politics is a science. Aristotle described politics as the â€Å"master science†; Hobbs, Pollock, Bryce and many others have long considered Politics to be a scientific study. Inversely, Mosca, Comte and Maitland, among others, question its eligibility. †¨According to the Oxford Dictionaries, Science can be described as, â€Å"A systematically organisedRead MoreThe Effect of Climate on Suicide Rates Essay examples1502 Words   |  7 Pagesor treatment practices by health professionals, knowledge of how cl imate may be related to suicide rates could meaningfully shape interventions as climate changes become more widespread, persistent, irreversible, and significant. The dominant scientific way of thinking about the effect of climate on suicide rates primarily includes the idea that climate factors probably mediate psychological and social variables that themselves influence suicidal tendency. While few thinkers contend that climate

Strenghts and weaknesses of qualitative research method.

Soma Sà ¡gi Strengths and weaknesses of different research methods This semester my group was tasked with the conduction of a research about how the University of Bath s great employability rates affected their University choice. We used qualitative research methods, every member of the group interviewed a first year Social Science student. We then later summarised the data, and looked for common points. All the interviews were semi-constructed, we asked questions which let the interviewee make his/her own points about the subject, thus the answers were not narrowed to the generic ones one could receive when conducting a survey. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for easier summarisation and can be accessed online ( see†¦show more content†¦I would prefer using the qualitative research method in the future when needing to acquire data. The quantitative methods, the survey questionnaire feels like it is narrowing down the possible answers too much and just by the wording of the question one can influence the subjects answers. There are some ethical issues with the qualitative method that need to be addressed. First of all, one always needs the permission of the subject to use the data acquired through the interviews in one s research. Anonymity is often sought after subjects affected by trauma or when answering other personal questions, including but not limited t o those about intimacy, physical and mental health. Qualitative research could require the researcher to participate in the subjects everyday life to a great degree, especially in those cases when the subject of the research is a closed group, for example a tribe, rather than a single person. Researchers need to know their boundaries and when not to push these, because that can lead to the subject group shutting out the researcher and to a loss of trust, thus making the research impossible to conduct. Another issue is the question of interception. Does one try to help a child suffering from domestic violence? Does one get involved in issues out of their authority? By doing so they destroy their own research subject. Is that such a great price for actually making an another human being sShow MoreRelatedCase Study Jysk1666 Words   |  7 Pages2. Value Chain 4 2.1.1 Primary activities 4 2.1.2 Support Activities 5 2.2 Conclusion 5 3. Segmentation, targeting and positioning 6 3.1 Market Research 6 3.1.1Market research method 7 3.1.2Data Collection 7 3.2. Conclusion 7 4. Human Resource Management 8 1. Outline Internal To understand Jysk’s strenghts and weaknesses, Michel Porter’s Value chain analysis will be made. In order to conduct value chain analysis, the company is split into primary and support activities. ItRead MoreCase Study Jysk1656 Words   |  7 PagesOutline 3 2. Value Chain 4 2.1.1 Primary activities 4 2.1.2 Support Activities 5 2.2 Conclusion 5 3. Segmentation, targeting and positioning 6 3.1 Market Research 6 3.1.1Market research method 7 3.1.2Data Collection 7 3.2. Conclusion 7 4. Human Resource Management 8 1. Outline Internal To understand Jysk’s strenghts and weaknesses, Michel Porter’s Value chain analysis will be made. In order to conduct value chain analysis, the company is split into primary and support activities. It wouldRead MoreHungry Jacks Research2201 Words   |  9 PagesMARKETING FUNDAMENTALS Project â€Å"You are required to write a report on how marketers use the different methods of marketing research to identify opportunities of the market, segmenting and targeting the market based on the valuable results collected from their marketing research activities. To be able to do this project you should select a company of your choice and identify the various market research techniques the company has used to gather information of the market. The report has to be presentedRead MoreEssay on Strategic Management2052 Words   |  9 Pagescompetitive advantage over others. (Johnson and Scholes cited in Russell Hoye, Aaron Smith, Matthew Nicholson, Bob Steward, Hans Westerbeek,2009) Russell et al. (2009)says that an organisation could be a successful one if the decisions it makes are qualitative and strategic in nature. Michael Armstrong, Tina Stephens (2005) simply say that strategic management means looking ahead at what they need to achieve in the middle or near future. Every organisation needs a purpose and a set of objectives. StrategicRead MoreSubway Market Research5005 Words   |  21 PagesDanish market. One of the main competitors is the Danish chain Sunset Boulevard. When the Subway chain was withdrawing their restaurants from the Danish market, Sunset Boulevard bought 3 of their branches. (Subway Denmark) 1.1 Background of the research This thesis will give background information about the Subway chain, its customers and Subway as a franchise concept. The fast food market in Denmark and the competition between Subway and its three biggest competitors, McDonald‟s, Burger KingRead MoreKansai Digital Phone Case3133 Words   |  13 Pagesorganization. It’s centered on a product around the handset. 6. Short customer lifetime * The main problem is short customer lifetime Customers stayed with the company 15 months, 50% of the customers leaved the company less than one year. CURRENT RESEARCH EVIDENCE First challenge A-sen team faced is difficulties to convince company to call new unit from â€Å"Office to promote Sales Strategy† to marketing department. The name and concept were not accepted. As it is essential for Japan market, vastRead MoreKansai Digital Phone Case3122 Words   |  13 Pagesorganization. It’s centered on a product around the handset. 6. Short customer lifetime * The main problem is short customer lifetime Customers stayed with the company 15 months, 50% of the customers leaved the company less than one year. CURRENT RESEARCH EVIDENCE First challenge A-sen team faced is difficulties to convince company to call new unit from â€Å"Office to promote Sales Strategy† to marketing department. The name and concept were not accepted. As it is essential for Japan market, vast majorityRead MoreEasyjet Market Analysis5052 Words   |  21 PagesExecutive Summary: This report illustrates an in-depth look of easyJet and will also discuss an analytic research that was made to demonstrate aspects of the history of the airline, along with the marketing strategy and brand strategy used and implemented by the low-budget airline. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, known as SWOT analysis, will also be illustrated along with the external environment better known as PEST analysis which consists of the political, environmentalRead MoreEasyjet Market Analysis5043 Words   |  21 PagesExecutive Summary: This report illustrates an in-depth look of easyJet and will also discuss an analytic research that was made to demonstrate aspects of the history of the airline, along with the marketing strategy and brand strategy used and implemented by the low-budget airline. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, known as SWOT analysis, will also be illustrated along with the external environment better known as PEST analysis which consists of the political, environmentalRead MorePepsis New 7UP Campaign3498 Words   |  14 Pagescontribute to healthier lifestyles. SWOT Analysis: Strenghts: †¢ PepsiCO has brand name equity which supports all its product lines including 7UP. †¢ 7UP is leader in the lemon lime segment in Egypt with 58% share †¢ 7UP is one of the key brands in Pepsi Cola Egypt is 30% of total companies volume †¢ During 2004, 7UP was only lemon lime Carbonated Soft Drinks to carry marketing communication initiative in Egypt †¢ According to consumer research conducted by AC Neilson, 7UP brand is number one refreshing

The Reason of Marshall Plan Free Essays

string(58) " not so vital to America, however, were worth to mention\." In June 5th, 1947, Marshall declared a famous speech in Harvard University. The idea of providing economic aid to the all Europe came on the scene. Between 1948 and the end of 1951, United States channeled $12. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reason of Marshall Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3 billion aid to Western Europe including grants, loans and in-kind transfer. The effects of Marshall Plan are all-encompassing, for example, contributing to the cold war, helping the recovery of European economy and European integration. Someone called in question about its necessity, someone embraced it as the saver of the world. It is wondered what is the deep reason that pushed America to launch the plan. Though many scholars have written about this topic, this paper will call for reassessment of the existing literature based on recent findings, new methodologies. This essay will specifically argue that the main reasons of the launch of Marshall Plan are the threats of communism and the interweaving interest’s network of America and Europe. In the first part, it will display the urgency of 1947 European crisis. In the next part, it will focus on the threats from the communism and inferred with the Truman doctrine declared before. Next, it will analyze the short-term and long-term interests that America could gain from the plan. After the World War II, the Europe showed a sign of fast recovery at the beginning, and soon faced with increasingly worsening situation. Within several months after the war, through large scale reconstruction of the infrastructure, the industry recovered quickly. People were drowned in the prospect of peace and happiness of a fresh start. However, the limits on the raw material and lack of the energy supply constrained the recovery soon. Further worse, during the winter of 1947, because of the heavy snow, roads, bridges, rail links, and water ways were impassible, hindering the obtaining of raw material and transportation of the products. The thawing snows also flooded coal mines, making the production of steel fell backward significantly. The summer of same year, was called the hottest and driest since records began, and the drought reduced supplies of hydroelectric power. Disillusionment of hopes and desperation hung over people’s hearts. The European crisis of 1947 was more than the misfortune of natural disaster. The disappearance of Germany from the economy is a deeper reason beneath the desperation. During pre-war period, Germany was the main market of European economy. By 1939, the Germany held 38% of Greece exports and one third imports. During pre-war period, the German Ruhr area exported large amounts of coal to France used for the production of steel. Substitute for Germany, America became the main exporting country to Europe. However, another problem came, the dollar crisis. Most European countries imported large amounts of food, coal and raw materials from America, but they have nothing to sell back. France carried $2049 million of payment deficit for buying coal from America annually. The heavy national debts carried by the country brought about the inflation and eroded the confidence of currency. Marshall said in his radio speech: ‘the patient is sinking while the doctors deliberate. So I believe that action cannot await compromise through exhaustion. New issues arise daily. Whatever action is possible to meet these pressing problems must be taken without delay. ’ Marshall claimed that the severe of crisis of Europe and the disagreement between two blocks pushed Marshall or the America to make such choice. Though the plan was initially directed to both eastern and western European countries, it is argued that Marshall knew the refusal of Soviet Union in advance, because soviet had been always against any activity of Germany industry construction and stressed the importance of reparation. Hitchcock argued in his article that the primary trigger of the Marshall Plan was ‘the failure of American policy in occupied Germany’ and the ambition of the European recovery developed later. In addition to the economic crisis, the political situation was especially not going well for America. The initial hope for fast recovery was downgraded into the desperation of living. The situation of capitalism was between the beetle and the block . The failure of post-war government turned out to provide a good opportunity for communists. Especially students and working class valued the communism as the only party that could bring a totally different world, create a classless society. As Kenan wrote in his memoir, ‘the pall of fear hanging over Europe in 1947 was preparing the continent to fall, like a ripe fruit, into Stalin’s hands. ’ America used the plan as an economic barrier to soviet expansion. As said in a CIA report in April, 1947, ‘The greatest danger to the security of united states is the possibility of economic collapse in western Europe and the consequence accession to power of communist element. ‘ Looking back the Europe in 1957, there are guessing that at best, the Europe would be in decades of poverty and struggle; at worst, Europe will collapse back into civil war, fascism and communism. Truman doctrine is released before the Marshall plan and closely related to the plan. In 1947, March, President Truman told the US congress ‘to help free peoples to maintain in their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian imposed on free peoples, by direct or indirect aggression, undermine the foundation of international peace and hence the security of the united states. ’ The Truman doctrine was declared as a proposal to provide economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey for fighting against local communists, or as he named, ‘totalitarianism’. Compared with Truman doctrine, Marshall Plan focused more on the economic aid and the recovery of Europe. However, there is still similar intention between these two plans. If the Truman doctrine is the explicit counterattack to the soviet expansion, the Marshall plan is the implicit one. The short-term interests of the plan, which were not so vital to America, however, were worth to mention. You read "The Reason of Marshall Plan" in category "Papers" It has claimed by Americans that the primary intention of the plan is good-will for the recovery of Europe and soviet expansion urged them to establish the plan as soon as possible. However, there were also suspicions that the act of America was just self-serving and America was using Europe as an outlet for their goods. What is more, in some areas, the aid plan was not welcomed. It will be argued here that the short-term interests of the plan could be nearly negligible when compared with other reasons. The products were given for free from America and what American people can directly gain profits from is that all goods were distributed through American ships and were uploaded by the American dock man. The interweaving interests of America and Europe are prime reason behind the aunch of Marshall Plan. The sink of Europe or the sovietization of Europe did more than harm to America and like domino effects, it will threat the whole America’s safety. The primary concern for the plan is the safety and long-term development of the United States. Between the end of war and the announcement of the plan, there already were loan plans from America to Europe. As ad ditional conditions of the loan, the United States demanded Britain to give up the exchange control and make British currency fully convertible. Similarly, America asked France to abandon the protectionism and allow freer imports and exports. Though these plans failed at last, the intention of America was obvious, contributing to freer international trade, more stable currency exchange and wider international cooperation. The Marshall plan is claimed different from all the previous plans. First, the choice of whether to take it and how to use it is in the hands of Europe, and the role America played was just advisory. Second, the plan is a long-term strategic program, with the help of European recovery program. Third, the money attached to the plan is enormous, more than any previous United States oversea aid combined. If measured by GDP, the money cost 5% of American GDP, equal to 201 billion dollars in 2004. If measured with the value of dollars, the money is worth 100 billion dollars in 2004. Fourth, the plan is a larger European-scale plan, involved many countries into the plan simultaneously. Nevertheless, compared to the past plans, the declaration of the Marshall plan is another form or another positive trial of the same intention. Opinions of whether to declare the Marshall plan was initially divided within the United States. However, new dealers in most post-war administration favored the plan and viewed it as ‘an opportunity to reconstruct Europe in America’s image’. The program of ‘productivity mission’, funded by the Marshall plan, was to bring technical Europeans to learn the American way of economy and business. New dealers in America expected these managers and technicians could take the atmosphere of free trade and business cooperation back to Europe. Underlying the aim of Americanization of Europe, the pursuit of restoring long-term trade partner is more essential reason. A CIA director Allen Dulles said: ‘the plan supposes that we desire to help restore a Europe which can and will compete with us in the world markets and for that very reason will be able to buy substantial amounts of our products. ’ the establishment of closer ties for America with Europe could facilitate future business and political communication, and the decrease in distinction and gap could decrease the possibility of quarrel and war. In conclusion, the declining European economy led to the increasing attraction of communism. Faced with the sinking Europe and aggressive Soviet Union, the American government was pushed to launch the Marshall plan. Aligned with Truman doctrine, it is a diplomatic strategy of America to suppress the expansion of Soviet Union and maintain the common interests of Europe and America. Attached with the plan, there are also American blueprint for a prosperous international trade and cooperation within the western bloc without the interference from Soviet Union. The threats of communism are the main direct external factor that makes the plan available through the congress. The desire for a trade-free Europe and the presumably impossible negotiation with Soviet Union are the main reasons that make the plan come into being. The potential benefits of advancing America-Europe relationships and shaping a freer trade atmosphere are ambitious goals of the new dealers and the plan proves to have subtle but far-reaching influence on the integration of Europe. Word count: 1879 Bibliography Calbraith John, 1998. ‘Interview with prof. J k. Galbraith, 28/11/95’ http://www. gwu. edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode-2/galbraith1. tml 12 November 2012 Debouzy Marianne . 1998. ‘ interview with Madame Marianne Debouzy’ http://www. gwu. edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode-3/debouzy1. html 11 November 2012 Eichengreen B. et al. , â€Å"The Marshall Plan: Economic Effects and Implications for Eastern Europe and the Former USSR†, in Economic Policy, 7, (1992) pp. 13-75 online available from http://www. jstor. org/stable/1344512 [18t h October 2012] Ellwood, David W. â€Å"The Impact of the Marshall Plan,† History 74 (October 1989) pp. 427–36. Hitchcock, W. I, ’The Marshall Plan and the creation of the West’ in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 1 (2010) pp. 154-174. Hogan Michael J. The Marshall Plan America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952 (New York: 1987) Judit, T. , ‘The rehabilitation of Europe’ in Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York, 2006) pp. 63-99. Milward, A. S. (1989) â€Å"Was the Marshall Plan Necessary? † In Diplomatic History, pp. 231–252. Online available from http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1467-7709. 1989. tb00053. x/abstract [25th October 2012] Parrish S. D. â€Å"The turn toward confrontation: the soviet reaction to the Marshall plan, 1947† in cold war international history project working papers series ,9 (1994) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Barry Eichengreen, et al. , â€Å" The Marshall plan: economic effects and implications for Eastern Europe and the former USSR†, in Economic Policy, 7:14 (1992), pp. 16-18 [ 2 ]. Quoted inWilliam Hitchcock, ‘The Marshall Plan and the creation of the West’, in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 1:8 (2010),p. 156 [ 3 ]. Ibid. , p. 157 [ 4 ]. Ibid. , p. 155 [ 5 ]. Tony Judt, â€Å"The rehabilitation of Europe†, in Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York,2006), p. 91. [ 6 ]. Ibid. , p. 95. [ 7 ]. Quoted inWilliam Hitchcock, ‘The Marshall Plan and the creation of the West’, in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 1:8 (2010),p. 156. [ 8 ]. Calbraith John, 1998. ‘Interview with prof. J k. Galbraith, 28/11/95’ 12 November 2012 [ 9 ]. Debouzy Marianne . 1998. ‘ interview with Madame Marianne Debouzy’ 11 November 2012 [ 10 ]. Tony Judt, â€Å"The rehabilitation of Europe† , p. 91. [ 11 ]. Ibid. , p. 93. [ 12 ]. Quoted in Tony Judt, ‘The rehabilitation of Europe’, p. 94. How to cite The Reason of Marshall Plan, Papers

Conductors in Conversation Individual Autonomy †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Conductors in Conversation Individual Autonomy. Answer: Introduction: A democratic society is defined by individual autonomy to do whatever one wishes. Jazz has this principle of individual autonomy and the right to decide. This can be witnessed in each player having the freedom to play whatever he or she wish to play. In addition, musicians work together so that it can have a positive impact on the individual players (Gibbs et al., 2016). Much like the principles of democracy that espouses plurality and diversity, in Jazz each player can be of different color and play different music thus enhancing the diversity of Jazz. The rhythms section in Jazz support, complements the soloist, and in turn is inspired by the rhythm section management. Symphony can be understood as aligned to socialist principles because the symphony music players are into the art not because of money. It does not rely on the tried-and-the-tested formula and makes and continuously experiment and innovates. Symphony requires the musicians to delve deeper into their arts and take the route that may not generate immediate money. Symphony being a classical art has received more patronage from socialist countries (Chesterman, 1990). Much like socialism that espouses the production, distribution and means of exchange to be controlled by the community, symphony musicians have to play the music in an organized manner coordinating with the different players in the orchestra. This is in contrast to Jazz where the players have the discretion to choose their roles and play their parts. References Chesterman, R. (1990).Conductors in Conversation: Herbert Von Karajan, Sir Georg Solti, Carlo Maria Giulini, Claudio Abbado, Eugene Ormandy, Riccardo Muti, James Levine. Robson Brooks;[Canada]: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation management and R. Chesterman. Gibbs, M., Frisell, B., Vu, C., Bergman, L., Poor, T., Ham, N., ... Rahbee, D. A. (2016). Michael Gibbs Bill Frisell with the UW Symphony and Jazz Studies Faculty January 14, 2016.